:orphan:

Variogram Estimation
====================

Estimating the spatial correlations is an important part of geostatistics.
These spatial correlations can be expressed by the variogram, which can be
estimated with the subpackage :any:`gstools.variogram`. The variograms can be
estimated on structured and unstructured grids.

The same `(semi-)variogram <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variogram#Semivariogram>`_ as
:ref:`tutorial_02_cov` is being used
by this subpackage.

Examples
--------



.. raw:: html

    <div class="sphx-glr-thumbnails">

.. thumbnail-parent-div-open

.. raw:: html

    <div class="sphx-glr-thumbcontainer" tooltip="Fit Variogram">

.. only:: html

  .. image:: /examples/03_variogram/images/thumb/sphx_glr_00_fit_variogram_thumb.png
    :alt:

  :ref:`sphx_glr_examples_03_variogram_00_fit_variogram.py`

.. raw:: html

      <div class="sphx-glr-thumbnail-title">Fit Variogram</div>
    </div>


.. raw:: html

    <div class="sphx-glr-thumbcontainer" tooltip="Finding the best fitting variogram model">

.. only:: html

  .. image:: /examples/03_variogram/images/thumb/sphx_glr_01_find_best_model_thumb.png
    :alt:

  :ref:`sphx_glr_examples_03_variogram_01_find_best_model.py`

.. raw:: html

      <div class="sphx-glr-thumbnail-title">Finding the best fitting variogram model</div>
    </div>


.. raw:: html

    <div class="sphx-glr-thumbcontainer" tooltip="In this example, we demonstrate how to estimate a variogram from multiple fields on the same point-set that should have the same statistical properties.">

.. only:: html

  .. image:: /examples/03_variogram/images/thumb/sphx_glr_02_multi_vario_thumb.png
    :alt:

  :ref:`sphx_glr_examples_03_variogram_02_multi_vario.py`

.. raw:: html

      <div class="sphx-glr-thumbnail-title">Multi-field variogram estimation</div>
    </div>


.. raw:: html

    <div class="sphx-glr-thumbcontainer" tooltip="In this example, we demonstrate how to estimate a directional variogram by setting the direction angles in 2D.">

.. only:: html

  .. image:: /examples/03_variogram/images/thumb/sphx_glr_03_directional_2d_thumb.png
    :alt:

  :ref:`sphx_glr_examples_03_variogram_03_directional_2d.py`

.. raw:: html

      <div class="sphx-glr-thumbnail-title">Directional variogram estimation and fitting in 2D</div>
    </div>


.. raw:: html

    <div class="sphx-glr-thumbcontainer" tooltip="In this example, we demonstrate how to estimate a directional variogram by setting the estimation directions in 3D.">

.. only:: html

  .. image:: /examples/03_variogram/images/thumb/sphx_glr_04_directional_3d_thumb.png
    :alt:

  :ref:`sphx_glr_examples_03_variogram_04_directional_3d.py`

.. raw:: html

      <div class="sphx-glr-thumbnail-title">Directional variogram estimation and fitting in 3D</div>
    </div>


.. raw:: html

    <div class="sphx-glr-thumbcontainer" tooltip="Fit Variogram with automatic binning">

.. only:: html

  .. image:: /examples/03_variogram/images/thumb/sphx_glr_05_auto_fit_variogram_thumb.png
    :alt:

  :ref:`sphx_glr_examples_03_variogram_05_auto_fit_variogram.py`

.. raw:: html

      <div class="sphx-glr-thumbnail-title">Fit Variogram with automatic binning</div>
    </div>


.. raw:: html

    <div class="sphx-glr-thumbcontainer" tooltip="In this example we demonstrate automatic binning for a tiny data set containing temperature records from Germany (See the detailed DWD example for more information on the data).">

.. only:: html

  .. image:: /examples/03_variogram/images/thumb/sphx_glr_06_auto_bin_latlon_thumb.png
    :alt:

  :ref:`sphx_glr_examples_03_variogram_06_auto_bin_latlon.py`

.. raw:: html

      <div class="sphx-glr-thumbnail-title">Automatic binning with lat-lon data</div>
    </div>


.. thumbnail-parent-div-close

.. raw:: html

    </div>


.. toctree::
   :hidden:

   /examples/03_variogram/00_fit_variogram
   /examples/03_variogram/01_find_best_model
   /examples/03_variogram/02_multi_vario
   /examples/03_variogram/03_directional_2d
   /examples/03_variogram/04_directional_3d
   /examples/03_variogram/05_auto_fit_variogram
   /examples/03_variogram/06_auto_bin_latlon



.. only:: html

 .. rst-class:: sphx-glr-signature

    `Gallery generated by Sphinx-Gallery <https://sphinx-gallery.github.io>`_